Git的發(fā)展史

Linus在1991年創(chuàng)建了開(kāi)源的Linux，從此全世界的工程師參與了Linux的開(kāi)發(fā)，期初Linus是通過(guò)手動(dòng)diff的方式進(jìn)行代碼審核和合并的，后來(lái)BitKeeper的東家BitMover公司出于人道主義精神，授權(quán)Linux社區(qū)免費(fèi)使用這個(gè)版本控制系統(tǒng)。安定團(tuán)結(jié)的大好局面在2005年就被打破了，原因是Linux社區(qū)牛人聚集，不免沾染了一些梁山好漢的江湖習(xí)氣。開(kāi)發(fā)Samba的Andrew試圖破解BitKeeper的協(xié)議（這么干的其實(shí)也不只他一個(gè)），被BitMover公司發(fā)現(xiàn)了（監(jiān)控工作做得不錯(cuò)?。谑?code>BitMover公司怒了，要收回Linux社區(qū)的免費(fèi)使用權(quán)。Linus花了兩周時(shí)間自己用C寫(xiě)了一個(gè)分布式版本控制系統(tǒng)，這就是Git！一個(gè)月之內(nèi)，Linux系統(tǒng)的源碼已經(jīng)由Git管理了！如果當(dāng)時(shí)BitMover公司專(zhuān)門(mén)為Linux發(fā)布一個(gè)社區(qū)版，也許這家公司也就名垂青史了，可是當(dāng)時(shí)這家公司思想境界沒(méi)那么高而且Linus也那么牛！

Ubuntu安裝Git

niko@niko-notebook:~$ sudo apt install git -y

Windows安裝Git

基本就是一路Next最后Finsh。

同一團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作開(kāi)發(fā)

假定存在用戶(hù)A和用戶(hù)B，用戶(hù)A創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)，然后遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)clone到本地，進(jìn)行開(kāi)發(fā)完成以后push到遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)。同時(shí)用戶(hù)B也在開(kāi)發(fā)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，首先用戶(hù)B將遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)clone到本地進(jìn)行開(kāi)發(fā)，完成后push到遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)，同時(shí)用戶(hù)A再pull遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)代碼同步項(xiàng)目。

跨團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作開(kāi)發(fā)

假定存在兩個(gè)開(kāi)發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)A和B，開(kāi)發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)A的每個(gè)成員都擁有一個(gè)本地版本庫(kù)，但是需要開(kāi)發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)B協(xié)助開(kāi)發(fā)，那么開(kāi)發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)會(huì)先f(wàn)ork一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)，接著開(kāi)發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)B的成員分別clone副本遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)到本地進(jìn)行開(kāi)發(fā)，然后push到副本遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)。完成后，開(kāi)發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)B向開(kāi)發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)A發(fā)出一個(gè)pull request請(qǐng)求，項(xiàng)目通過(guò)審核之后開(kāi)發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)A再merge副本庫(kù)到原始遠(yuǎn)程庫(kù)，完成功能合并。

使用Git命令行

• 使用git init命令初始化一個(gè)新的項(xiàng)目

niko@niko-notebook:~$ git init StudyGit
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/niko/StudyGit/.git/

• 使用git init命令開(kāi)始管理一個(gè)現(xiàn)有的項(xiàng)目

niko@niko-notebook:~$ mkdir StydyGit
niko@niko-notebook:~$ cd StydyGit/
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/niko/StydyGit/.git/

• 使用Git管理一個(gè)項(xiàng)目的時(shí)候會(huì)創(chuàng)建一下文件和目錄

niko@niko-notebook:~$ tree StudyGit -a
StudyGit
└── .git
  ├── HEAD
  ├── branches
  ├── config
  ├── description
  ├── hooks
  │  ├── applypatch-msg.sample
  │  ├── commit-msg.sample
  │  ├── fsmonitor-watchman.sample
  │  ├── post-update.sample
  │  ├── pre-applypatch.sample
  │  ├── pre-commit.sample
  │  ├── pre-push.sample
  │  ├── pre-rebase.sample
  │  ├── pre-receive.sample
  │  ├── prepare-commit-msg.sample
  │  └── update.sample
  ├── info
  │  └── exclude
  ├── objects
  │  ├── info
  │  └── pack
  └── refs
      ├── heads
      └── tags

10 directories, 15 files

在Git中有4個(gè)區(qū)，分別是工作區(qū)、暫存區(qū)、本地庫(kù)、遠(yuǎn)程庫(kù)。我們項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)就是在工作區(qū)工作，然后使用git add命令將工作區(qū)的代碼提交到暫存區(qū)，使用git commit命令將暫存區(qū)的文件提交到本地庫(kù)。Git的有一個(gè)代碼托管中心是GitHub，同樣國(guó)內(nèi)還有Google Code，碼云等。

• 設(shè)置Git簽名

  項(xiàng)目級(jí)別（本地）

  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git config user.name niko
  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git config user.email niko@163.com

  系統(tǒng)級(jí)別（全局）

  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git config –global user.name xvge
  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git config –global user.email xvge@163.com

  簽名優(yōu)先級(jí)

  就近原則：項(xiàng)目?jī)?yōu)先級(jí)高于系統(tǒng)優(yōu)先級(jí)

  項(xiàng)目級(jí)別的配置信息存放到項(xiàng)目目錄的.git/config文件中：

niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ cat .git/config[core]
      repositoryformatversion = 0
      filemode = true
      bare = false
      logallrefupdates = true
[user]
      name = niko
      email = niko@163.com

• 項(xiàng)目級(jí)別的配置信息存放到系統(tǒng)用戶(hù)目錄的.gitconfig文件中：

niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ cat ~/.gitconfig[user]
      name = xvge
      email = xvge@163.com

• 查看當(dāng)前工作區(qū)的狀態(tài)（git status）

  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git status  On branch master   # 當(dāng)前所處的分支    No commits yet    nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)

  當(dāng)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新文件的時(shí)候，這個(gè)新的文件處于未被跟蹤的狀態(tài)：

  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ echo "Hello, Git." > file.txt  # 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)文件  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git status  On branch master    No commits yet    Untracked files:   # 列出未被追蹤的文件  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)          file.txt    nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

• 將工作區(qū)的文件提交到暫存區(qū)，使得Git可以跟蹤新文件（git add）

  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git add .  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git status  On branch master    No commits yet    Changes to be committed:    # 列出更改的文件  (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)          new file:   file.txt

• 將暫存區(qū)的文件提交到本地庫(kù)（git commit）

  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git commit -m "add file.txt"  [master (root-commit) 5f9adfe] add file.txt   1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)   create mode 100644 file.txt

• 查看提交日志（git log）

  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git log  commit e6442a41c339e0fd6d01656cbea24775471ee1ed (HEAD -> master)  # HEAD表示當(dāng)前版本  Author: niko <niko@163.com>  Date:   Mon Sep 24 12:34:38 2018 +0800        modifiy file.txt  # 提交的注釋信息    commit 5f9adfeade857255ef647f855899965274a5fe95   # 40為16進(jìn)制SHA-256值  Author: niko <niko@163.com>  Date:   Mon Sep 24 12:16:20 2018 +0800        add file.txt

• 查看提交日志（git log）

  多次修改后的git log

  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git log  commit b4a54420dcea8d480b80797e032d8ed74b430a97 (HEAD -> master)  Author: niko <niko@163.com>  Date:   Mon Sep 24 12:40:27 2018 +0800        modifiy file.txt    commit 17acb2424f04c7ec0298e0c59039d19bce8369b6  Author: niko <niko@163.com>  Date:   Mon Sep 24 12:39:08 2018 +0800        add file3.txt    commit 80cbf7f5c44e0507439bd97a8976d28b746f4f45  Author: niko <niko@163.com>  Date:   Mon Sep 24 12:38:26 2018 +0800        add file2.txt    commit e6442a41c339e0fd6d01656cbea24775471ee1ed  Author: niko <niko@163.com>  Date:   Mon Sep 24 12:34:38 2018 +0800        modifiy file.txt    commit 5f9adfeade857255ef647f855899965274a5fe95  Author: niko <niko@163.com>  Date:   Mon Sep 24 12:16:20 2018 +0800        add file.txt

  使用git log --pretty=oneline

  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git log --pretty=oneline  b4a54420dcea8d480b80797e032d8ed74b430a97 (HEAD -> master) modifiy file.txt  17acb2424f04c7ec0298e0c59039d19bce8369b6 add file3.txt  80cbf7f5c44e0507439bd97a8976d28b746f4f45 add file2.txt  e6442a41c339e0fd6d01656cbea24775471ee1ed modifiy file.txt  5f9adfeade857255ef647f855899965274a5fe95 add file.txt

  使用git log --oneline

  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git log --oneline  b4a5442 (HEAD -> master) modifiy file.txt  17acb24 add file3.txt  80cbf7f add file2.txt  e6442a4 modifiy file.txt  5f9adfe add file.txt

  使用git reflog

  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git reflog  b4a5442 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: commit: modifiy file.txt  17acb24 HEAD@{1}: commit: add file3.txt  80cbf7f HEAD@{2}: commit: add file2.txt  e6442a4 HEAD@{3}: commit: modifiy file.txt  5f9adfe HEAD@{4}: commit (initial): add file.txt

• 版本回退（git reset）

  參數(shù)：

  git reset –soft 回退本地庫(kù)
  git reset –mixed 默認(rèn)，回退暫存區(qū)、本地庫(kù)
  git reset –hard 回退暫存區(qū)、工作區(qū)、本地庫(kù)

  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git reset 80cbf7f

  git reset --soft圖示

git reset --mixed圖示

git reset --hard圖示

• 找回文件（git reset）

niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ ls    # 查看file2.txt文件是否存在
file.txt  file2.txt  file3.txt
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ rm -rf file2.txt  # 刪除file2.txt文件
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ ls  # 確保file2.txt文件已經(jīng)刪除
file.txt  file3.txt
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git status  # 查看文件跟蹤狀態(tài)
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
(use “git add/rm <file>…” to update what will be committed)
(use “git checkout — <file>…” to discard changes in working directory)

      deleted:    file2.txt

no changes added to commit (use “git add” and/or “git commit -a”)
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git add .  # 跟蹤當(dāng)前狀態(tài)
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git commit -m “del file2.txt”  # 將代碼提交到本地庫(kù)
[master db6e563] del file2.txt
1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)
delete mode 100644 file2.txt
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git reflog  # 查看形成一個(gè)版本信息db6e563
db6e563 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: commit: del file2.txt
bcf8ce2 HEAD@{1}: commit: first reset
80cbf7f HEAD@{2}: reset: moving to 80cbf7f
b4a5442 HEAD@{3}: commit: modifiy file.txt
17acb24 HEAD@{4}: commit: add file3.txt
80cbf7f HEAD@{5}: commit: add file2.txt
e6442a4 HEAD@{6}: commit: modifiy file.txt
5f9adfe HEAD@{7}: commit (initial): add file.txt
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git reset –hard bcf8ce2  # 回退到上一個(gè)版本
HEAD is now at bcf8ce2 first reset
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ ls    # file2.txt文件已經(jīng)存在
file.txt  file2.txt  file3.txt
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git status    # 查看當(dāng)前跟蹤狀態(tài)
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git reflog  # 生成一個(gè)版本信息
bcf8ce2 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: reset: moving to bcf8ce2
db6e563 HEAD@{1}: commit: del file2.txt
bcf8ce2 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{2}: commit: first reset
80cbf7f HEAD@{3}: reset: moving to 80cbf7f
b4a5442 HEAD@{4}: commit: modifiy file.txt
17acb24 HEAD@{5}: commit: add file3.txt
80cbf7f HEAD@{6}: commit: add file2.txt
e6442a4 HEAD@{7}: commit: modifiy file.txt
5f9adfe HEAD@{8}: commit (initial): add file.txt

• git diff

使用git diff –staged比較工作區(qū)與暫存區(qū)的不同。

使用git diff –cached比較暫存區(qū)與本地庫(kù)的不同。

分支管理

分支可以并行推進(jìn)項(xiàng)目的開(kāi)發(fā)，開(kāi)發(fā)的某一個(gè)功能如果失敗不會(huì)影響項(xiàng)目整體。

• 查看分支（git branch -v）

  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git branch -v  * master bcf8ce2 first reset

• 創(chuàng)建分支（git branch branchName）

  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git branch hot_fix

• 切換分支（git checkout branchName）

  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git checkout hot_fix  Switched to branch 'hot_fix'  niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git branch -v   # 星號(hào)所在分支就是當(dāng)前分支  * hot_fix bcf8ce2 first reset  master  bcf8ce2 first reset

• 合并分支（git merge branchName）

niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ vim file3.txt  # 修改文件
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git status      # 查看分支狀態(tài)
On branch hot_fix
Changes not staged for commit:
(use “git add <file>…” to update what will be committed)
(use “git checkout — <file>…” to discard changes in working directory)

      modified:  file3.txt

no changes added to commit (use “git add” and/or “git commit -a”)
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git add .      # 添加到當(dāng)前分支的跟蹤狀態(tài)
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git commit -m “fix bug by xvge”  # 提交代碼
[hot_fix 40376b9] fix bug by xvge
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git checkout master  # 切換到主分支
Switched to branch ‘master’
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git merge hot_fix    # 將hot_fix合并到master
Updating bcf8ce2..40376b9
Fast-forward
file3.txt | 1 +
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git stataus        # 查看主分支狀態(tài)
git: ‘stataus’ is not a git command. See ‘git –help’.

The most similar command is
      status
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git reflog  # 產(chǎn)生幾個(gè)新版本
40376b9 (HEAD -> master, hot_fix) HEAD@{0}: merge hot_fix: Fast-forward
bcf8ce2 HEAD@{1}: checkout: moving from hot_fix to master
40376b9 (HEAD -> master, hot_fix) HEAD@{2}: commit: fix bug by xvge
bcf8ce2 HEAD@{3}: checkout: moving from master to hot_fix
bcf8ce2 HEAD@{4}: reset: moving to bcf8ce2
db6e563 HEAD@{5}: commit: del file2.txt
bcf8ce2 HEAD@{6}: commit: first reset
80cbf7f HEAD@{7}: reset: moving to 80cbf7f
b4a5442 HEAD@{8}: commit: modifiy file.txt
17acb24 HEAD@{9}: commit: add file3.txt
80cbf7f HEAD@{10}: commit: add file2.txt
e6442a4 HEAD@{11}: commit: modifiy file.txt
5f9adfe HEAD@{12}: commit (initial): add file.txt

• 合并代碼時(shí)產(chǎn)生了沖突

# 修改master分支代碼
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git branch -v
hot_fix 40376b9 fix bug by xvge
* master  40376b9 fix bug by xvge
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ vim file3.txt
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git add .
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git commit -m “add festure by master”
[master cbd7ce1] add festure by master
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
# 修改hot_fix分支代碼
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git branch -v
* hot_fix 40376b9 fix bug by xvge
master  40376b9 fix bug by xvge
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ vim file3.txt
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git add .
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git commit -m “add feature by fix”
[hot_fix 6cceae3] add feature by fix
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
# 將master合并到hot_fix上
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git branch -v
* hot_fix 6cceae3 add feature by fix
master  cbd7ce1 add festure by master
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git merge master
Auto-merging file3.txt
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in file3.txt
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
# 解決沖突
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ vim file3.txt
Hi, FullStackDev.
fix this bug by xvge.
<<<<<<< HEAD
add festure by fix.
=======
add feature by master.
>>>>>>> master
# 提×××并
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git add .
niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git commit -m “merge code by conflict”
[hot_fix 088f6c5] merge code by conflict

Git與GitHub遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)交互

• 創(chuàng)建遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)github.com，如果勾選Initialize this repository with a README選項(xiàng)可能首次推送失敗。

• 將GitHub地址保存到本地

niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git remote add origin https://github.com/xvGe/StudyGit.git

• 查看本地保存了什么地址

niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git remote -v
origin  https://github.com/xvGe/StudyGit.git (fetch)
origin  https://github.com/xvGe/StudyGit.git (push)

• 將本地庫(kù)推送到遠(yuǎn)程庫(kù)

niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ git push origin master
Username for ‘https://github.com’: xvGe
Password for ‘https://xvGe@github.com’:
Counting objects: 19, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (11/11), done.
Writing objects: 100% (19/19), 1.44 KiB | 52.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 19 (delta 2), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (2/2), done.
remote:
remote: Create a pull request for ‘master’ on GitHub by visiting:
remote:      https://github.com/xvGe/StudyGit/pull/new/master
remote:
To https://github.com/xvGe/StudyGit.git
* [new branch]      master -> master

• 克隆遠(yuǎn)程庫(kù)（git clone）

niko@niko-notebook:~/StydyGit$ cd ../
niko@niko-notebook:~$ rm -rf StydyGit/
niko@niko-notebook:~$ git clone https://github.com/xvGe/StudyGit.git
Cloning into ‘StudyGit’…
remote: Counting objects: 19, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (9/9), done.
remote: Total 19 (delta 2), reused 19 (delta 2), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (19/19), done.

• 拉取遠(yuǎn)程庫(kù)（git pull和git fetch）

niko@niko-notebook:~$ git init StudyGit2  # 創(chuàng)建新項(xiàng)目
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/niko/StudyGit2/.git/
niko@niko-notebook:~$ cd StudyGit2/  # 進(jìn)入項(xiàng)目目錄
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGit2$ git remote add origin https://github.com/xvGe/StudyGit.git#添加地址
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGit2$ git fetch origin master  # 拉取項(xiàng)目
remote: Counting objects: 19, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (9/9), done.
remote: Total 19 (delta 2), reused 19 (delta 2), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (19/19), done.
From https://github.com/xvGe/StudyGit
 * branch            master    -> FETCH_HEAD
 * [new branch]      master    -> origin/master
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGit2$ git branch -a    # 查看所有分支
  remotes/origin/master
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGit2$ git branch -r    # 查看遠(yuǎn)程分支
  origin/master
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGit2$ git merge origin/master  # 合并分支
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGit2$ ls
file.txt  file2.txt  file3.txt
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGit2$ cd ../    # 返回上層
niko@niko-notebook:~$ git init StudyGit3  # 初始化一個(gè)項(xiàng)目
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/niko/StudyGit3/.git/
niko@niko-notebook:~$ cd StudyGit3/      # 進(jìn)入項(xiàng)目目錄
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGit3$ git pull https://github.com/xvGe/StudyGit.git  # 拉取項(xiàng)目
remote: Counting objects: 19, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (9/9), done.
remote: Total 19 (delta 2), reused 19 (delta 2), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (19/19), done.
From https://github.com/xvGe/StudyGit
 * branch            HEAD      -> FETCH_HEAD
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGit3$ ls
file.txt  file2.txt  file3.txt

git fetch和git pull的區(qū)別是，前者會(huì)創(chuàng)建新分支，需要合并操作，但是更加安全；后者直接修改本地代碼。

跨團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作

• 遠(yuǎn)程克隆倉(cāng)庫(kù)

• 團(tuán)隊(duì)拉取遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)修改并推送

niko@niko-notebook:~$ git init StudyGitHub
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/niko/StudyGitHub/.git/
niko@niko-notebook:~$ cd StudyGitHub/
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGitHub$ git pull https://github.com/xv-niko/StudyGit.git
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGitHub$ git remote add origin https://github.com/xv-niko/StudyGit.git
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGitHub$ ls
file.txt  file2.txt  file3.txt
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGitHub$ echo “Desgin by B” >> file3.txt
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGitHub$ git add .
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGitHub$ git commit -m “add code”
[master 09003b9] add code
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGitHub$ git push origin master
Username for ‘https://github.com’: xv-niko
Password for ‘https://xv-niko@github.com’:
Counting objects: 3, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 274 bytes | 68.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 2), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (2/2), completed with 2 local objects.
To https://github.com/xv-niko/StudyGit.git
 cbd7ce1..09003b9  master -> master

• 發(fā)起pull requests

• 項(xiàng)目所有者團(tuán)隊(duì)查看請(qǐng)求

• 合并代碼

• 所有者團(tuán)隊(duì)合并到本地

niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGitHub$ cd ../StudyGit
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGit$ git pull origin master
remote: Counting objects: 4, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
remote: Total 4 (delta 2), reused 3 (delta 2), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (4/4), done.
From https://github.com/xvGe/StudyGit
* branch            master    -> FETCH_HEAD
 cbd7ce1..0ca0905  master    -> origin/master
Updating cbd7ce1..0ca0905
Fast-forward
file3.txt | 1 +
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
niko@niko-notebook:~/StudyGit$ cat file3.txt
Hi, FullStackDev.
fix this bug by xvge.
add feature by master.
Desgin by B

Git工作流

• 集中式工作流
• Git Flow（常用）

• Forking工作流

部署GitLab代碼托管服務(wù)器

yum clean all && yum repolist all
yum install -y curl policycoreutils-Python openssh-server
systemctl enable sshd
systemctl start sshd
firewall-cmd –permanent –add-service=http  # 如果開(kāi)啟了防火墻執(zhí)行
systemctl reload firewalld                  # 如果開(kāi)啟了防火墻執(zhí)行
yum install postfix -y
systemctl enable postfix
systemctl start postfix
curl -sS https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ce/script.rpm.sh | bash
EXTERNAL_URL=”http://gitlab.example.com” yum install -y gitlab-ce
gitlab-ctl reconfigure    # 配置服務(wù)器
gitlab-ctl start          # 啟動(dòng)服務(wù)器

訪問(wèn)服務(wù)器地址即可，GitLab服務(wù)器搭建指南：https://about.gitlab.com/installation/