關(guān)于API

API（Application Programming Interface,應(yīng)用程序編程接口）是一些預(yù)先定義的函數(shù)，目的是提供應(yīng)用程序與開發(fā)人員基于某軟件或硬件得以訪問一組例程的能力，而又無需訪問源碼，或理解內(nèi)部工作機(jī)制的細(xì)節(jié)。
需要注意的是：API有它的具體用途，我們應(yīng)該清楚它是干啥的。訪問API的時候應(yīng)該輸入什么。訪問過API過后應(yīng)該得到什么。

在開始設(shè)計API時，我們應(yīng)該注意這8點
后續(xù)的開發(fā)計劃就圍繞著這個進(jìn)行了。

1.Restful設(shè)計原則
2.API的命名
3.API的安全性
4.API返回數(shù)據(jù)
5.圖片的處理
6.返回的提示信息
7.在線API測試文檔
8.在app啟動時，調(diào)用一個初始化API獲取必要的信息

用laravel開發(fā)API

就在我上愁著要不要從零開始學(xué)習(xí)的時候，找到了這個插件dingo/api那么現(xiàn)在就來安裝吧！
首先一定是下載的沒錯
在新安裝好的laravel的composer.json加入如下內(nèi)容

然后打開cmd執(zhí)行

composer update

在config/app.php中的providers里添加

AppProvidersOAuthServiceProvider::class, DingoApiProviderLaravelServiceProvider::class, LucaDegasperiOAuth2ServerStorageFluentStorageServiceProvider::class, LucaDegasperiOAuth2ServerOAuth2ServerServiceProvider::class,

在aliases里添加

'Authorizer' => LucaDegasperiOAuth2ServerFacadesAuthorizer::class,

修改app/Http/Kernel.php文件里的內(nèi)容

protected $middleware = [LucaDegasperiOAuth2ServerMiddlewareOAuthExceptionHandlerMiddleware::class, ]; protected $routeMiddleware = [   'oauth' => LucaDegasperiOAuth2ServerMiddlewareOAuthMiddleware::class,   'oauth-user' => LucaDegasperiOAuth2ServerMiddlewareOAuthUserOwnerMiddleware::class,   'oauth-client' => LucaDegasperiOAuth2ServerMiddlewareOAuthClientOwnerMiddleware::class,   'check-authorization-params' => LucaDegasperiOAuth2ServerMiddlewareCheckAuthCodeRequestMiddleware::class,   'csrf' => AppHttpMiddlewareVerifyCsrfToken::class, ];

然后執(zhí)行

php artisan vendor:publish

php artisan migrate

在.env文件里添加這些配置

API_STANDARDS_TREE=x API_SUBTYPE=rest API_NAME=REST API_PREFIX=api API_VERSION=v1 API_CONDITIONAL_REQUEST=true API_STRICT=false API_DEBUG=true API_DEFAULT_FORMAT=json

修改appconfigoauth2.php文件

'grant_types' => [   'password' => [     'class' => 'LeagueOAuth2ServerGrantPasswordGrant',     'access_token_ttl' => 604800,     'callback' => 'AppHttpControllersAuthPasswordGrantVerifier@verify',   ], ],

新建一個服務(wù)提供者，在app/Providers下新建OAuthServiceProvider.php文件內(nèi)容如下

namespace AppProviders;   use DingoApiAuthAuth; use DingoApiAuthProviderOAuth2; use IlluminateSupportServiceProvider;   class OAuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider {   public function boot()   {     $this->app[Auth::class]->extend('oauth', function ($app) {       $provider = new OAuth2($app['oauth2-server.authorizer']->getChecker());         $provider->setUserResolver(function ($id) {         // Logic to return a user by their ID.       });         $provider->setClientResolver(function ($id) {         // Logic to return a client by their ID.       });         return $provider;     });   }     public function register()   {     //   } }

然后打開routes.php添加相關(guān)路由

//Get access_token Route::post('oauth/access_token', function() {    return Response::json(Authorizer::issueAccessToken()); });   //Create a test user, you don't need this if you already have. Route::get('/register',function(){   $user = new AppUser();    $user->name="tester";    $user->email="test@test.com";    $user->password = IlluminateSupportFacadesHash::make("password");    $user->save(); }); $api = app('DingoApiRoutingRouter');   //Show user info via restful service. $api->version('v1', ['namespace' => 'AppHttpControllers'], function ($api) {   $api->get('users', 'UsersController@index');   $api->get('users/{id}', 'UsersController@show'); });   //Just a test with auth check. $api->version('v1', ['middleware' => 'api.auth'] , function ($api) {   $api->get('time', function () {     return ['now' => microtime(), 'date' => date('Y-M-D',time())];   }); });

分別創(chuàng)建BaseController.php和UsersController.php內(nèi)容如下

//BaseController namespace AppHttpControllers;   use DingoApiRoutingHelpers; use IlluminateRoutingController;   class BaseController extends Controller {   use Helpers; }   //UsersController namespace AppHttpControllers;   use AppUser; use AppHttpControllersController;   class UsersController extends BaseController {     public function index()   {     return User::all();   }     public function show($id)   {     $user = User::findOrFail($id);     // 數(shù)組形式     return $this->response->array($user->toArray());   } }

隨后在app/Http/Controllers/Auth/下創(chuàng)建PasswordGrantVerifier.php內(nèi)容如下

namespace AppHttpControllersAuth; use IlluminateSupportFacadesAuth;   class PasswordGrantVerifier {   public function verify($username, $password)   {      $credentials = [       'email'  => $username,       'password' => $password,      ];        if (Auth::once($credentials)) {        return Auth::user()->id;      }        return false;   } }

打開數(shù)據(jù)庫的oauth_client表新增一條client數(shù)據(jù)

INSERT INTO 'oauth_clients' ('id', 'secret', 'name', 'created_at', 'updated_at') VALUES ('1', '2', 'Main website', '2016–03–13 23:00:00', '0000–00–00 00:00:00');

隨后的就是去愉快的測試了，這里要測試的API有

新增一個用戶

http://localhost/register

讀取所有用戶信息

http://localhost/api/users

只返回用戶id為4的信息

http://localhost/api/users/4

獲取access_token

http://localhost/oauth/access_token

利用token值獲得時間，token值正確才能返回正確值

http://localhost/api/time

打開PostMan